One thread with at least three topics. That is much.
@cwhitsbm @keating178 please open a new thread if you have a new question / new topic in the future.
@keating178 the credential provider is for authenticating locallay at a windows client or server or via RDP to a windows desktop.
For ADFS you use the ADFS plugin https://github.com/sbidy/privacyIDEA-ADFSProvider/
As I am a Linux guy and not a Windows guy I am not 100% sure if there are not possibilities to use the credential provider for ADFS.